08/29/09
Eight arms…that’s it right? Eight arms?
There are eight major parts of the practice of yoga. They are grouped under Ashtanga, The Eight Limbs of Yoga. If you read something and don’t understand what I am talking about, would like clarification, or are panicking because you saw the words “abstinence” or “continence” relax, I will be going into each limb and each yama and niyama to the most minute detail.
The Eights Limbs of Yoga (in Sanskrit and English) are:
-Yama (Abstinence)
-Niyama (Observances)
-Asana (Posture)
-Pranayama (Breath Control)
-Pratyahara (Sense Withdrawal)
-Dharana (Concentration)
-Dhyana (Meditation)
-Samadhi (Contemplation)
Okay, lets all calm down. Yama or Abstinence does not mean not having sex at all, it tells us things we should abstain from or have control over. The Yamas are: ahimsa (non-violence), satya (truthfulness), asteya (non-stealing), brahmacharya (continence) (once again, calm down), and last, but certainly not least aparigraha (non-greed).
Ahimsa, or non-violence, is something that is seen most commonly in the yoga practice. This is the reason many yogis are vegetarian or vegan, because killing animals or treating animals poorly is a violent action and yogis try to do the least amount of harm possible. The Yoga Sutras say that all harm ceases to those who practice non-violence.
Satya, or truthfulness, means being honest in both word and action. Also, we are not abstaining from truthfulness, but from non-truthfulness. This is a very straight forward yama, and The Sutras say that those who are established in truthfulness, actions and their results, become subservient.
Asteya, or non-stealing, refers to not stealing physical possessions or stealing energy or time. Another way we steal is by not allowing others to use something of ours. We are often thieves and do not realize it. The Yoga Sutras explains it like this: we steal from nature all the time, whose air do we breath? Whose water do we drink? This doesn’t mean that we go and starve ourselves or we stop breathing but we take each breath, each drink, each bite of food as a gift and treat it with reverence and be thankful. The Sutras say to those established in non-stealing all wealth comes.
Brahmacharya, or continence, does not mean to not have sex. It means have control over your sexual urges. Don’t just go around sleeping with anyone you meet. The fluids in our bodies are sacred. Share them with those you love, even then try to be controlled. Sex is not the only way to show love and if it is how is a mother to love their son, or a father their daughter? Love comes in many forms. The Sutras say to those established in continence, vigor is gained.
Aparigraha, or non-greed, means not hoarding things for yourself. Aparigraha is also a form of asteya. It can also be translated as “not receiving gifts”. Breathe. It’s going to be okay. Receiving gifts is fine. When a gift is given, the giver should not expect something in return. When a gift is received the receiver should not feel obligated, or bound that they must give a gift in return, or that you must not speak against them because “Oh, they gave me a gift, how could I disagree with them?” Don’t we give people gifts to make them happy? Why expect something in return, when what we are seeking is happiness? Let their joy be their gift to you.
These are the yamas. I hope this has been informative. Probably, your best bet for more info on this would be: The Yoga Sutras of Patanjali, translation and commentary by Sri Swami Satchidananda (this is the book I used to write this). Questions are always welcome! Also, please, please, please remember not just the yamas, but all the limbs and parts of the limbs take years, even decades to truly get good at and yes, perfect. The most important part is that you are even trying to practice them. Jai to all!
Jai jai,
The Yoga Monster